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List of words
The vocabulary list for "Climate" with IPA British English transcription and Russian translation.
Types of Climates (Типы климата)
- desert climate /ˈdez.ət ˈklaɪ.mət/ – пустынный климат
- tropical climate /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl ˈklaɪ.mət/ – тропический климат
- polar climate /ˈpəʊ.lə ˈklaɪ.mət/ – полярный климат
- temperate climate /ˈtem.pər.ət ˈklaɪ.mət/ – умеренный климат
- mountain climate /ˈmaʊn.tɪn ˈklaɪ.mət/ – горный климат
- Mediterranean climate /ˌmed.ɪ.tərˈeɪ.ni.ən ˈklaɪ.mət/ – средиземноморский климат
Weather & Climate Conditions (Погодные и климатические условия)
- hot /hɒt/ – жаркий
- cold /kəʊld/ – холодный
- warm /wɔːm/ – тёплый
- mild /maɪld/ – мягкий (о климате)
- humid /ˈhjuː.mɪd/ – влажный / душный
- arid /ˈær.ɪd/ – засушливый
- dry /draɪ/ – сухой
- wet /wet/ – влажный / мокрый
- snowy /ˈsnəʊ.i/ – снежный
- sunny /ˈsʌn.i/ – солнечный
- stormy /ˈstɔː.mi/ – бурный / ненастный
- freezing /ˈfriː.zɪŋ/ – леденящий / очень холодный
- icy /ˈaɪ.si/ – ледяной / покрытый льдом
Natural Phenomena (Природные явления)
- monsoon /mɒnˈsuːn/ – муссон (сезон дождей)
- tornado /tɔːˈneɪ.dəʊ/ – торнадо
- hurricane /ˈhʌr.ɪ.kən/ – ураган
- typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ – тайфун
- drought /draʊt/ – засуха
- blizzard /ˈblɪz.əd/ – метель / пурга
- rain /reɪn/ – дождь
- snow /snəʊ/ – снег
Geography & Nature (География и природа)
- equator /ɪˈkweɪ.tə/ – экватор
- pole /pəʊl/ – полюс
- ice cap /ˈaɪs kæp/ – ледяной щит
- rainforest /ˈreɪn.fɒr.ɪst/ – тропический лес
- savanna /səˈvæn.ə/ – саванна
- coast /kəʊst/ – побережье
General Vocabulary (Общая лексика)
- climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ – климат
- season /ˈsiː.zən/ – сезон
- type /taɪp/ – тип
- weather /ˈweð.ə/ – погода (added for context, was in the first list)
Introducing New Words
Climate in Different Parts of the World
Have you ever wondered why some places are always hot and others are always cold? The answer is climate. Climate is the usual weather in a place over many years. Different parts of the world have very different types of climates.
Let's start near the middle of the Earth, at the equator. Here, the weather is hot all year. This is called a tropical climate. Tropical places are often wet and humid (the air feels sticky). Many of these places have rainforests – big, green forests with tall trees and many animals. Some tropical areas have a monsoon season, which is a time with very heavy rain.
If you travel away from the equator, you might find a desert climate. Deserts are arid, which means they are very dry with almost no rain. They are hot in the day but can be cold at night. The largest hot desert is the Sahara in Africa.
Now let's go far, far north or south, to the poles (the North Pole and the South Pole). This is a polar climate. It is freezing here – very, very cold all year. Most of the land is covered with a thick ice cap. There is a lot of snow, and sometimes strong blizzards (snowstorms) happen.
Between the hot equator and the cold poles, many places have a temperate climate. This climate is mild – not too hot and not too cold. These places have four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Summers can be sunny and warm, and winters can be snowy and cold. Sometimes there are stormy days with rain or wind.
Some special places have a Mediterranean climate. You can find this around the Mediterranean Sea, like in Spain, Italy, and Greece. Here, summers are hot, sunny and dry, and winters are mild and rainy.
What about high, tall places? On big mountains, like the Himalayas or the Alps, there is a mountain climate. It is cold at the top, and the weather can change very quickly.
Different climates also bring different kinds of extreme weather. In some temperate places, people see tornadoes (fast, spinning winds). Near warm oceans, giant storms called hurricanes or typhoons can form. And when a place gets no rain for a very long time, that is called a drought. The land becomes very dry, and it is hard to grow food.
Let's look at two special natural places. A savanna is a warm, grassy plain with few trees. It has a long dry season. A coast is land next to the ocean. Places on the coast often have mild weather because the ocean keeps them cool in summer and warm in winter.
So, as you can see, climate is not the same everywhere. Near the equator, it is hot and wet. Near the poles, it is cold and icy. Deserts are arid and dry, while rainforests are humid and green. Every part of the world has its own special climate. Now you know the words to describe them!
Translation
Климат в разных частях света
Вы когда-нибудь задумывались, почему в одних местах всегда жарко (hot), а в других всегда холодно (cold)? Ответ — климат (climate). Климат — это обычная погода в каком-либо месте за много лет. В разных частях света бывают очень разные типы климата (types of climates).
Начнём с середины Земли, у экватора (equator). Здесь круглый год жарко (hot). Это называется тропический климат (tropical climate). В тропиках часто влажно (wet) и сыро / душно (humid) (воздух кажется липким). Во многих таких местах есть тропические леса (rainforests) — большие зелёные леса с высокими деревьями и множеством животных. В некоторых тропических районах бывает сезон дождей (monsoon) — время очень сильных дождей (rain).
Если отправиться от экватора подальше, можно оказаться в пустынном климате (desert climate). В пустынях засушливо (arid) — это значит сухо (dry) и почти нет дождей (rain). Днём там жарко (hot), а ночью может быть холодно. Самая большая жаркая пустыня — Сахара в Африке.
Теперь отправимся далеко на север или на юг, к полюсам (poles) (Северному полюсу и Южному полюсу). Это полярный климат (polar climate). Здесь леденяще / очень холодно (freezing) — холодно (cold) круглый год. Большая часть земли покрыта толстым ледяным щитом (ice cap). Здесь много снега (snow) и иногда случаются сильные метели (blizzards).
Между жарким экватором и холодными полюсами у многих мест умеренный климат (temperate climate). Такой климат мягкий (mild) — не слишком жарко и не слишком холодно. Здесь бывают четыре сезона (seasons) года: весна, лето, осень и зима. Лето часто солнечное (sunny) и тёплое (warm), а зима — снежная (snowy) и холодная (cold). Иногда бывают бурные / ненастные (stormy) дни с дождём или ветром.
В некоторых особых местах бывает средиземноморский климат (Mediterranean climate). Его можно встретить вокруг Средиземного моря — например, в Испании, Италии и Греции. Там лето жаркое (hot), солнечное (sunny) и сухое (dry), а зима — мягкая (mild) и дождливая.
А что насчёт высоких мест? В больших горах, например в Гималаях или Альпах, бывает горный климат (mountain climate). На вершине холодно (cold), и погода может меняться очень быстро.
Разный климат приносит с собой и разную суровую погоду. В некоторых местах с умеренным климатом (temperate) люди видят торнадо (tornadoes) (быстрые крутящиеся ветры). У тёплых океанов могут образовываться гигантские штормы — ураганы (hurricanes) или тайфуны (typhoons). А когда дождей (rain) нет очень долгое время, это называется засуха (drought). Земля становится очень сухой (dry), и трудно выращивать еду.
Давайте посмотрим на два особенных природных места. Саванна (savanna) — это тёплая травянистая равнина с немногими деревьями. Там долгий сухой (dry) сезон. Побережье (coast) — это земля рядом с океаном. На побережье (coast) часто бывает мягкий (mild) климат, потому что океан сохраняет прохладу летом и тепло зимой.
Как видите, климат везде разный. У экватора (equator) — жарко (hot) и влажно (wet). У полюсов (poles) — холодно (cold) и ледяно / покрыто льдом (icy). В пустынях засушливо (arid) и сухо (dry), а в тропических лесах (rainforests) — сыро (humid) и зелено. У каждой части света свой особенный климат. Теперь вы знаете слова, чтобы его описать!
Vocabulary exercises
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Dialogues
Dialogue 1 (At school – talking about different places)
Teacher: Today we will learn about climate in different parts of the world. Who can tell me what climate means?
Leo: Is it the usual weather in a place over many years?
Teacher: Yes, exactly! Now, look at this map. Near the equator, what type of climate do we have?
Mia: It's hot and humid there. That's a tropical climate, right?
Teacher: Very good. And what about the poles?
Leo: It's freezing and icy. That's a polar climate.
Teacher: Perfect! And between them, many places have a temperate climate with four seasons.
Dialogue 1 (At school – talking about different places)
Teacher: Today we will learn about climate (климат) in different parts of the world. Who can tell me what climate (климат) means?
Leo: Is it the usual weather in a place over many years?
Teacher: Yes, exactly! Now, look at this map. Near the equator (экватор), what type (тип) of climate (климат) do we have?
Mia: It's hot (жарко) and humid (влажно / душно) there. That's a tropical climate (тропический климат), right?
Teacher: Very good. And what about the poles (полюса)?
Leo: It's freezing (леденяще / очень холодно) and icy (ледяно). That's a polar climate (полярный климат).
Teacher: Perfect! And between them, many places have a temperate climate (умеренный климат) with four seasons (сезона).
Here is Dialogue 2 translated into Russian, with the same format.
Dialogue 2 (Two friends watching the news)
Sam: Did you see the news? There was a big storm in Asia.
Emma: Oh no. Was it a typhoon?
Sam: Yes, and it brought a very strong monsoon with heavy rain. Many coast towns are wet and flooded.
Emma: That's scary. Last year in America, they had a tornado.
Sam: I remember. And sometimes they get hurricanes near the ocean.
Emma: We are lucky. Our climate is mild. Not too hot and not too cold.
Sam: True. But last winter we had a big blizzard with lots of snow!
Dialogue 2 (Two friends watching the news)
Sam: Did you see the news? There was a big storm (шторм) in Asia.
Emma: Oh no. Was it a typhoon (тайфун)?
Sam: Yes, and it brought a very strong monsoon (муссон) with heavy rain (дождь). Many coast (побережье) towns are wet (влажные / мокрые) and flooded.
Emma: That's scary. Last year in America, they had a tornado (торнадо).
Sam: I remember. And sometimes they get hurricanes (ураганы) near the ocean.
Emma: We are lucky. Our climate (климат) is mild (мягкий). Not too hot (жарко) and not too cold (холодно).
Sam: True. But last winter we had a big blizzard (метель) with lots of snow (снег)!
Here is Dialogue 3 translated into Russian.
Dialogue 3 (In the garden – talking about dry weather)
Grandpa: Look at the ground, Tom. It's so dry.
Tom: Why is that, Grandpa?
Grandpa: We haven't had rain for two months. That's called a drought.
Tom: Oh no. Do plants die in a drought?
Grandpa: Yes, many do. This is a very arid season. Even the air feels dry, not humid at all.
Tom: Is this a desert climate?
Grandpa: No, we live in a temperate area. But during a drought, it can feel like a desert. Look – the grass is not green. It's brown and dry.
Tom: I hope it becomes sunny but with some rain soon.
Grandpa: Me too, Tom. Me too.
Dialogue 3 (In the garden – talking about dry weather)
Grandpa: Look at the ground, Tom. It's so dry (сухо).
Tom: Why is that, Grandpa?
Grandpa: We haven't had rain (дождя) for two months. That's called a drought (засуха).
Tom: Oh no. Do plants die in a drought (засуха)?
Grandpa: Yes, many do. This is a very arid (засушливый) season (сезон). Even the air feels dry (сухой), not humid (влажным / душным) at all.
Tom: Is this a desert climate (пустынный климат)?
Grandpa: No, we live in a temperate (умеренном) area. But during a drought (засуха), it can feel like a desert. Look – the grass is not green. It's brown and dry (сухая).
Tom: I hope it becomes sunny (солнечно) but with some rain (дождь) soon.
Grandpa: Me too, Tom. Me too.
Here is Dialogue 4 translated into Russian.
Dialogue 4 (On holiday – comparing climates)
Anna: I love this place! The weather is warm and sunny every day.
Ben: Yes, this is a Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry, and winters are mild.
Anna: Last year we went to a rainforest. That was so different! It was wet and humid all the time.
Ben: And two years ago we visited the mountains. That mountain climate was cold even in summer.
Anna: True. And at the top, we saw an ice cap! It was snowy and beautiful.
Ben: I like all types of weather. But today, I am happy to sit on the coast and enjoy the warm sun.
Anna: Me too. Let's go to the savanna next year. I want to see the grassy plains and animals.
Ben: Great idea! But remember – the savanna has a long dry season. Take your sunny hat!
Dialogue 4 (On holiday – comparing climates)
Anna: I love this place! The weather is warm (тёплая) and sunny (солнечная) every day.
Ben: Yes, this is a Mediterranean climate (средиземноморский климат). Summers are hot (жаркие) and dry (сухие), and winters are mild (мягкие).
Anna: Last year we went to a rainforest (тропический лес). That was so different! It was wet (влажно) and humid (душно) all the time.
Ben: And two years ago we visited the mountains. That mountain climate (горный климат) was cold (холодно) even in summer.
Anna: True. And at the top, we saw an ice cap (ледяной щит)! It was snowy (снежно) and beautiful.
Ben: I like all types (типы) of weather (погоды). But today, I am happy to sit on the coast (побережье) and enjoy the warm (тёплое) sun.
Anna: Me too. Let's go to the savanna (саванна) next year. I want to see the grassy plains and animals.
Ben: Great idea! But remember – the savanna (саванна) has a long dry (сухой) season (сезон). Take your sunny (солнечную) hat!
